What defines a security token in the context of IT security?

A security token, in the context of IT security, is defined as a physical or digital object that authenticates user identity. This can include devices or software that generate a unique authentication code for user access to systems or networks. Security tokens serve a crucial role in enhancing security by providing two-factor authentication, which requires users to present something they have (the security token) in addition to something they know (a password).

This method significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access to data and systems, as gaining access to both elements is necessary to authenticate a user. Security tokens can take various forms, including hardware tokens that generate codes or software tokens integrated into mobile applications.

The other options focus on different concepts not directly related to the definition of security tokens. For instance, malware refers to software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device or network, while digital currencies represent a form of online money. An unencrypted password indicates a lack of security rather than a form of identity verification. Thus, the correct definition of a security token is one that emphasizes its role in authentication and user identity verification.